![]() However, following the recommendations of the DSM-IV, the ASD diagnosis has been included among the exclusion criteria for ADHD. Moreover, differential diagnosis between ADHD and PDD-NOS can be especially difficult, mainly in infants and young children. Often, diagnosis cannot be established before age three, delaying therapeutic interventions. As a result, the concept of PDD-NOS has become a mixed bag overuse of PDD-NOS has led to confusion in the diagnosis and contributed to the autism “epidemic”. This category includes atypical autism presentations not fulfilling the criteria for AD. As a result, many of these children are diagnosed with PDD-NOS not meeting the criteria for a specific type of PDD. This is particularly true when assessing verbal and nonverbal communication, since both expressive and cognitive language are not yet established and there are many differences in their acquisition period among these children (before the age of three). Differential diagnosis of pervasive developmental disorder (PDD: autistic disorder, Asperger disorder, childhood disintegrative disorder, Rett disorder) and pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) can often be difficult in preschool children. Īccording to the DSM-IV-TR, the essential features of autistic disorder (AD) are “the presence of markedly abnormal or impaired development in social interaction and communication and a markedly restricted repertoire of activity and interests”. A shared genetic susceptibility has been suggested for both neurodevelopmental disorders. Evidence indicates that 20–50% of children with ADHD fulfilled the criteria for ASD, particularly at preschool age, and 30–80% of ASD patients fulfilled the criteria for ADHD. Symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity are features of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) that have been frequently documented in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs).
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